Light and magnetic fields
Stimulation
Energy applied from outside the body — near-infrared light, or a magnetic field delivered through the scalp — to change how neurons fire or how cells produce energy. Neither is painful, and neither has yet been shown to change function in children in the way the marketing implies.
If everything on conventional care is not yet fully in place, that is where the next decision belongs — not here.
Photobiomodulation
Non-invasive, painless and inexpensive compared with cell therapies — with small, mostly short studies behind it and a wide gap between what is claimed and what has been shown.
Transcranial near-infrared light, low-level laser therapy, PBM
In clinical trialsMagnetic stimulation
The most clinically established technique on this site — genuinely approved for some uses in older adolescents, and still investigational for most of what it is offered for in children.
rTMS, theta-burst stimulation, TMS